To switch normality, all ratio study was indeed transformed just before analyses

A standard, cumulative list out of get across-physical fitness try determined for each and every blend of maternal tree and pollen donor, predicated on adult fruit lay, vegetables germination, and you may survivorship and you will development of seedlings. For every https://datingranking.net/fr/rencontres-sobres-fr/ species, mixed-model investigation regarding difference was utilized to assess the effects from crossing procedures (fixed impact; having maternal tree included as an arbitrary feeling) into the percentage of give-pollinated plants means mature fruits, rates regarding seed germination and you will seedling survivorship, seedling dimensions at step one year, and you can cumulative exercise. Multiple designs was basically checked-out playing with ANOVA: (a) plus all of the services, (b) excluding imbalanced services, allowing review of communication words, (c) without selfing treatment (since the maternal trees was basically largely or entirely care about-incompatible), and (d) collection all in this-Sinharaja outcrossing services to test the effect out-of within this- compared to. between-tree crossing. The effect of crossing point for each factor are then checked having fun with linear or quadratic regression analysis, according to form of the connection. Lastly, for every single maternal forest, the effects away from nearby-neighbor and you may enough time-distance mating was in fact estimated due to indices off biparental inbreeding despair and you may outbreeding despair, respectively, predicated on collective physical fitness philosophy.

Syzygium rubicundum

Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: F_2,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).

Shorea cordifolia

Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; F_dos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.